1. What is Laravel?
Laravel is a PHP web application framework that provides an elegant syntax, robust features, and tools for developers to build modern, scalable web applications.
2. What is Composer in Laravel?
Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. In Laravel, Composer is used to manage the project's dependencies and autoload classes.
3. Explain the MVC architecture in Laravel.
Laravel follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.
- Model: Represents the data and business logic.
- View: Displays the data to the user.
- Controller: Handles the user input, processes the data, and interacts with the model and view.
4. What is Eloquent in Laravel?
Eloquent is Laravel's ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) that enables developers to interact with databases using an expressive syntax. It allows you to query the database using PHP syntax instead of raw SQL.
5. How to define a route in Laravel?
Routes in Laravel are defined in the routes/web.php file or routes/api.php for web and API routes, respectively. Example:
Route::get('/example', 'ExampleController@index');6. Explain Laravel migrations.
Migrations in Laravel provide a convenient way to modify the database schema. They allow you to create, modify, and delete tables using PHP code rather than SQL.
7. What is the use of Artisan in Laravel?
Artisan is the command-line interface included with Laravel. It provides various commands for common tasks like database migrations, seeding, running tests, and more.
8. How to create a controller in Laravel?
You can create a controller using the Artisan command:
php artisan make:controller ExampleController9. Explain the use of Blade templating engine.
Blade is the templating engine in Laravel. It provides a simple and powerful syntax for creating views. Blade templates are compiled into plain PHP code for better performance.
10. What is Laravel Homestead?
Laravel Homestead is a pre-packaged Vagrant box that provides a development environment for Laravel applications. It includes all the necessary tools and configurations for Laravel development.
11. Explain Middleware in Laravel.
Middleware acts as a filter or a bridge between a request and a response in Laravel. It allows you to perform actions before and after the HTTP request enters the application.
12. What is the purpose of Eloquent relationships in Laravel?
Eloquent relationships define the connections between database tables. They allow you to establish associations such as one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships between models.
13. How to create a migration with artisan?
To create a migration, you can use the following Artisan command:
php artisan make:migration create_table_nameThis will generate a new migration file in the database/migrations directory.
14. What is the purpose of the Laravel Tinker tool?
Tinker is a REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) tool included with Laravel. It allows you to interact with your application's code and data, providing an interactive console to execute commands.
15. How does Laravel handle user authentication?
Laravel provides a built-in authentication system that includes features like user registration, login, password reset, and middleware for protecting routes. The make:auth Artisan command can be used to scaffold the necessary views and controllers for authentication.
16. Explain the concept of Dependency Injection in Laravel.
Dependency Injection is a design pattern used in Laravel where the dependencies of a class are injected into it rather than the class creating its own dependencies. This promotes better testability and flexibility.
17. What is the purpose of the artisan serve command?
The artisan serve command is used to start a development server for the Laravel application. It makes the application accessible through a specified port, usually localhost:8000.
18. How can you handle form submissions in Laravel?
In Laravel, form submissions are handled through routes and controllers. The route method in a form tag is used to specify the route that should handle the form submission. The submitted data can be accessed in the controller method.
19. Explain the use of the with method in Laravel's Eloquent.
The with method is used to eager load relationships in Laravel's Eloquent ORM. It helps in retrieving related data along with the main model to reduce the number of database queries.
20. What is Laravel Mix?
Laravel Mix is a tool that simplifies asset compilation and management, including CSS and JavaScript. It is configured in the webpack.mix.js file and provides a clean and concise API for common asset compilation tasks.
21. Explain the purpose of the env function in Laravel.
The env function is used to retrieve values from the .env configuration file. It helps in managing configuration settings such as database credentials, API keys, and other environment-specific values.
22. What is the purpose of Laravel's Eloquent Mutators and Accessors?
Eloquent Mutators allow you to set attribute values before saving them to the database, while Accessors allow you to manipulate attribute values when retrieving them.
23. How do you handle file uploads in Laravel?
File uploads in Laravel are handled through the Illuminate\Http\Request object. You can use the file method to access and manipulate uploaded files.
24. What is the significance of the csrf token in Laravel forms?
The CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) token is a security feature in Laravel that helps protect against malicious attacks. It ensures that the form submission originates from the same application and not from an external source.
25. How to define a named route in Laravel?
Named routes in Laravel are defined using the name method. Example:
Route::get('/example', 'ExampleController@index')->name('example.index');26. What is the purpose of the findOrFail method in Eloquent?
The findOrFail method is used to retrieve a model instance by its primary key. If the model is not found, it throws a ModelNotFoundException.
27. Explain the concept of method injection in Laravel.
Method injection is a type of dependency injection where dependencies are injected into a method through its parameters. Laravel's container automatically resolves and injects dependencies based on type-hinted parameters.
29. What is the difference between put and patch methods in Laravel routes?
Both put and patch methods are used for updating resources, but put typically replaces the entire resource, while patch updates only the specified fields.
30. How does Laravel handle database transactions?
Laravel provides a convenient way to manage database transactions using the DB facade. The beginTransaction, commit, and rollback methods help ensure the integrity of the database during complex operations.
31. Explain the purpose of Laravel's dd function.
The dd function (short for "Dump and Die") is used for debugging purposes. It dumps variables or information and immediately ends the script execution. It is commonly used to inspect the contents of variables and debug code.
32. What is the Laravel Blade directive @yield used for?
The @yield directive is used to define a section in a Blade layout file that can be filled by child views. It allows you to specify content that will be replaced by the content of the child view.
33. How can you set up a database connection in Laravel?
Database connections in Laravel are configured in the config/database.php file. The connection settings, such as database type, host, username, and password, are specified in this file.
34. What is the purpose of the csrf_token helper function in Laravel?
The csrf_token helper function is used to retrieve the CSRF token value, which can be included in forms to protect against Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks.
35. Explain the difference between hasMany and belongsTo relationships in Eloquent.
In Eloquent, hasMany defines a one-to-many relationship where a model can have multiple related models, while belongsTo defines the inverse of the relationship, indicating that a model belongs to another model.
36. How can you customize error pages in Laravel?
Laravel allows you to customize error pages by modifying the views in the resources/views/errors directory. You can create views for specific HTTP error codes to tailor the appearance of error pages.
37. What is the purpose of the public directory in a Laravel project?
he public directory is the web root of a Laravel application. It contains the entry point index.php file and is where assets like CSS, JavaScript, and images are typically stored.
38. How can you define custom error messages for form validation in Laravel?
Laravel allows you to define custom error messages for form validation rules by adding an associative array of messages to the validation array or by using the messages method.
39. Explain the concept of method overloading in Laravel controllers.
In Laravel controllers, method overloading refers to defining multiple methods in a controller with different parameter signatures. The appropriate method is invoked based on the incoming HTTP request.