Laravel provides a powerful and expressive database ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) called Eloquent.

 As well as a query builder for more direct SQL queries. 

 Laravel's migration system helps manage database schema.

1. Database Configuration:

• Laravel stores database connection details in the config/database.php file.
• You need to set up the database driver (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL), host, database name, username, and password here.

2. Create a Migration:

create a new model file using this command.

php artisan make:migration create_table_name

php artisan make:migration CreateUsersTable

// database/migrations/2022_01_01_000000_create_users_table.php

<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }
}
?>

3. Run Migrations:

For executing migration use this command

php artisan migrate

4. Database Seeding:

Database seeding allow you to populate your database with dummy data for testing or development purposes. 

php artisan db:seed

5. Create a Model:

Models represent database tables and interact with them.

Create a model run this command

php artisan make:model ModelName

php artisan make:model Users

// app/Models/User.php

<?php
namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class User extends Model
{
    // Eloquent will assume the "users" table by default
    protected $table = 'custom_users';
}
?>

6. Define Model Relationships:

• Models can define relationships with other models, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many.
• Use methods like hasOne(), hasMany(), belongsTo(), etc., to define relationships.

7. Eloquent:

• Eloquent provides a way to perform database operations.
• Use methods like create(), find(), where(), update(), delete(), etc.

8. Query Builder: (Use DB::)

The query builder is useful when you need more direct control over the SQL statements.

$users = DB::table('users')->where('name', 'abc')->get();

9. Raw SQL Queries:

If needed, you can execute raw SQL queries using Laravel's Query Builder or the DB facade.

$users = DB::select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'abc'");